Armenia is a highland country of nearly 30,000sq km, located in the Lesser Caucasus Mountains. Its highest point is Mount Ararat, measuring 4,095 m above sea level. Despite the lack of sea or ocean outlets, the country has multiple fast flowing rivers and boasts Lake Sevan, the largest lake in the mountain range.

Azerbaijan is located between the Caspian and the Black Seas, partly in the Caucasus Mountains and enjoys a 713 km long coastline on the Caspian Sea. The elevation in the country ranges from -28m below the sea level at the Caspian Sea to the height of 4,485 m at Bazarduzu in the Caucasus. The country's principal rivers drain from the Caucasus to the Caspian Sea and include the Kura and its...

Belarus is a low-lying country, landlocked between five other European countries. Belarus owes its relatively flat terrain and numerous lakes to glacial scouring that occurred during the last ice age. Its highest point, Dzyarzhynskaya Hara, 346 m, is found in the sloping hills in the uplands of the north. From there the terrain descends to the Polesia lowland and the swampy Pripyat Marshes....

Georgia, a mountainous country in South Caucasus, lies to the north of Turkey and Armenia, west of Azerbaijan and south of Russia. Its border on the west is formed by the Black Sea, and in all the country covers a total area of 69,700 sq km. From the Kolkhida Lowlands on the coast where the sub-tropical climate is favourable for agriculture, the elevation rises in the mountains north and west....

In Eastern Europe, to the east of Romania and the west of Ukraine, lies 33,851 sq km Moldova. The country's western border is formed by the Prut River, which flows into the Danube before its waters empty into the Black Sea. Landlocked Moldova has no shore on the sea, but its proximity to it affects the climate, which is moderate continental. From the country's lowest point of 2 m, along...

As the largest country in the world by surface area, Russia and its more than 17 000 000 sq km touch the Pacific Ocean in the East and the Arctic Sea in the North. However, the work on the Emerald Network in the country so far only targeted the European Part of Russia, from its borders with the European Union to the Ural Mountains. The elevation in the country ranges from -28 m at the Caspian...

Ukraine is one of the largest countries in Europe and lies in the west rise the Carpathian Mountains. The highest peak found there is Hoverla, measuring 2,061 m. The north of the country is covered by Polesia's wet lowlands. The other lowlands in the country are to be found around some of its important water features, the Dnieper River and the Black Sea, which forms the country's...